The quote “Disrupt or be disrupted” has been said a lot over the past year. Everybody is constantly looking for an opportunity or niche to disrupt industries with new innovative business models, so it’s no wonder that there is a lot of talking going on in this field. But first, it’s important to note that there are usually never completely new business models involved. Existing business models are simply used for a new industry, a new product, or a new service.
As an example, one can see how certain industries have already had to deal with a disruptive business model. The classic taxi service was put under a lot of pressure by Uber, as they had a platform that connected the drivers and guests via the Internet, instead of dialing a new number in each city or looking for taxis.
Successful disruptive business models focus on the customer again. New technologies have changed customer behavior and this change also enables models that meet these needs. Many successful companies combine these business models and use different models for different parts of their companies. The right combination of innovative products and innovative business models can play a major role in your success as a business.
Here are eight business models that can be disruptive for industries. This list of is not exhaustive, but they are eight important business models that have been responsible for important innovations in many markets.
As you read through them think about how these technologies can disrupt or provide opportunities for your business.
8 Disruptive Business Models
1. Freemium Model
This is one of the most frequently used business models. The consumer receives a product or service free of charge and only basic functions are offered. For premium functions, the customer must then pay. This way you can quickly reach a broad customer base, scale your business into new markets and generate income when converting customers into paying ones.
This model is especially applicable for products or services that have low marginal costs (additional costs per additional customer) or where marketing and customer information have a higher value than the operating costs. The key for such models is also the conversion. You need to find a free solution that is attractive for a customer but also not perfectly satisfying so they are willing to pay for the premium.
Typical examples: Spotify, LinkedIn, Canva, MailChimp
2. Subscription Model
Products and services can usually also be offered as subscriptions. An amount that would normally only be paid once is now split or a new service is created that is billed periodically. The aim is to bind the customer in the long term. In contrast to the one-time purchase, the customer benefits from improvements and extensions of the service.
Non-divisible products can also be converted into a subscription here. Amazon has already provided an example with this system of how products such as detergents, cosmetics, etc. can also be delivered automatically on a regular basis. Subscriptions are very powerful as they allow you to generate income over time and grow your company without too many highs and lows.
Typical examples: Amazon, Netflix, Internet Providers
3. Free offerings
This is a model that has gained in popularity especially through Google. For many entrepreneurs, this is also the most incomprehensible business model, but it has great potential for some services. Since such business models usually evaluate customer data for advertising or personalized offers, they have access to lot of information about customers which is an important commodity in these times.
When you are considering an only free service, you also need to plan for a long ramp-up phase. This means you are investing for a long period of time before you reach the critical mass of users to have a profitable business.
Typical examples: Google, Facebook
4. Marketplace Model
For some industries, marketplaces already had or have great disruptive potential. The business model used here is usually a digital marketplace which connects seller and buyer on a common platform. Money is usually generated via brokerage fees, commissions, or fixed transaction costs. However, it is also possible to use membership fees on the platform or to generate money through advertising/premium positioning services.
Typical examples: Amazon, Alibaba, eBay, Shopify
5. Sharing Economy (or Access-over-Ownership Model or Renting & Leasing)
In the classic sense, the sharing economy is referred to as lending. Goods or services that can usually only be purchased are made available to another person for a limited period. In the example of car sharing, the car owned by the company is made available for a certain period of time and the customer is charged mileage along with other fees. In general, this model can be applied to all products, from private individuals or companies, real estate, or intangible assets.
Typical examples: AirBnB, RVShare, Coworking Spaces
6. User Experience Premium
This is a premium model that can be easily observed using Apple. A good customer experience adds value to an exchangeable product. Service, the brand and especially the experience of the customer are greatly improved so premium prices can be charged.
Typical examples: Tesla, Apple
7. Ecosystem – Create your own ecosystem
To bind customers to an ecosystem in the long term through a “lock-in” process in a service is a dream for every entrepreneur. For example, if you have a mobile phone from Apple or Android, you are probably included in this ecosystem. You buy hardware and use software that may only be compatible in the same system. This makes the change difficult and prevents new competition from gaining a foothold.
Typical examples: Apple, Google Suite
8. On-Demand Model
Time is money, that is the structure of this business model. Immediate access is the selling point of this model, the delivery, the product, or the service can be called up at a certain point in time. Video-on-demand, taxi-on-demand and many other systems are a good example. Companies with goods or time provide their services to customers who are willing to pay premium for it.
Typical examples: Amazon Prime, Uber, Upwork, Cloud Services
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